Poly vinyl chlorideits properties,preparation and uses. Polyvinyl chloride is chlorinated to raise its heat resistance and improve its solubility. Resins of polyvinyl chloride are hard, but with the addition of plasticizers a flexible, elastic plastic 2 can be made. It is a vinyl polymer constructed of repeating vinyl groups ethenyls having one of their hydrogens replaced with a chloride group. It is in such widespread usage due to its strength and resistance to sunlight, oil and chemicals, weathering and fire. The first is the emission of toxic and corrosive gases when melting the material. It is heavier than air and has relatively low solubility. Polyvinyl chloride pvc properties pvc is the most widely used member of the vinyl family. It is fabricated efficiently into a wide range of both rigid. There are two main issues working with pvc that make it fairly problematic and not generally recommended for use by nonprofessionals. Polyvinyl chloride pvc, a major plastics material which finds widespread use in. Injection molded fit tings use slightly different molding.
This breakthrough material was brought about to substitute for metals, glass, wood, natural fibers, papers and fabrics. Additives, dyes, and plasticisers can be added at this point which change the properties of the pvc so it can be used for a variety of different purposes. Polyvinyl chloride, iupac polychloroethanediyl commonly abbreviated pvc, is a thermoplastic polymer. Polyvinyl chloride pvc is one of the most widely used polymers in the world. Ihs economicsl the economic bene2ts of polyvinyl chloride in the united states and canada pvc production pvc has found widespread use because of its desirable properties, low cost, and versatility. Phthalates are often used to soften pvc in this way. Polyvinyl chloride, iupac polychloroethene commonly abbreviated pvc, is a widely used thermoplastic polymer. Polyvinyl chloride is the worlds thirdmost widely produced synthetic plastic polymer about 40.
Explore polyvinyl chloride pvc a rigid and flexible plastic. Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride unplasticised pvc upvc. As a result, pvc requires separation from other plastics before mechanical. In thailand, more than 400,000 t of pvc products are produced annually for domestic consumption. Biocompatible blends based on polyvinyl chloride and natural polymers for medical device fabrication article pdf available in materiale plastice 473. Polyvinyl chloride wikidwelling fandom powered by wikia. Pvc is widely used in construction because it is cheap. Polyvinyl chloride pvc physical and mechanical properties.
Polyvinyl chloride pvc is one of the most commonly used plastics in the world because of its versatile properties that are suitable for various applications. Polyvinyl chloride definition is a polymer of vinyl chloride used especially for electrical insulation, films, and pipes abbreviation pvc. There are discrepancies in the literature with regard to. Pvc can be made softer and more flexible by adding plasticizers. About 40 million tons of pvc are produced each year. Polyvinyl chloride pvc introduction polyvinyl chloride pvc, a major plastics material which finds widespread use in building, transport, packaging, electricalelectronic and healthcare applications. Its currently ranked as the third most widely used plastic in the world behind polyethylene and polypropylene. Pdf biocompatible blends based on polyvinyl chloride and. It can be plasticized to make it flexible for use in flooring or unplasticized pvcu for use in building applications and window. Major industrial polymers polyvinyl chloride pvc britannica. Dec 08, 2016 polyvinyl chloride also known as pvc or vinyl has become an intrinsic part of our lives ever since the earlymid 20th century.
The label aims to enable healthcare professionals to use this equipment safely. Polyvinyl chloride is made by polymerization of the monomer vinyl chloride chloroethene ch 2 chcl. Polyvinyl chloride economical, versatile polyvinyl chloride pvc, or vinyl is used in a variety of applications in the building and construction, health care, electronics, automobile and other sectors, in products ranging from piping and siding, blood bags and tubing, to wire and cable insulation, windshield system components and more. Properties of polyvinyl chloride bihar psc exam notes. Its most wellknown application is the formation of pvc pipes in the building and construction industry, but the benefits of pvc extend far beyond this into the medical, electrical and protective clothing sectors. Polyvinyl chloride definition of polyvinyl chloride by. In terms of revenue generated, it is one of the most valuable products of the chemical industry. Polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl chloride pvc has become a universal polymer with many applications e. Properties and applications of rigid pvc or polyvinyl chloride. Pdf in this work, the structure and physical properties of polyvinyl chloride pvc gels prepared from the solutions of bromobenzene brbz and. Second only to polyethylene among the plastics in production and consumption, pvc is used in an enormous range of domestic and industrial products, from raincoats and shower curtains to window frames and indoor plumbing. This plastic has found extensive use as an electrical insulator for wires and cables.
Pvc is the acronym for polyvinyl chloride, a kind of synthetic resin. Pvc is an atactic polymer and therefore essentially uncrystallized. A polyvinyl resin used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, including medical devices, tubing, and other packaging. Polyvinyl chloride pvc is one of the most commonly used thermoplastic polymers in the world next to only a few more widely used plastics like pet and pp. It starts as a powder that is derived from salt and fossil fuel. A frequent method of processing pvc involves the suspension of solid particles of the polymer in an appropriate plasticizer. Polyvinyl chloride is the third most widely produced plastic, after polyethylene and polypropylene. It has a high strengthtoweight ratio and is a good electrical and thermal insulator. Through a process called polymerization, the vinyl chloride forms into long chains of polyvinyl chloride. However, it sometimes happens that, locally, over short chain segments, pvc is syndiotactic and can assume the crystalline phase, but the percent shear fracture never exceeds 10 to 15 %.
Vinyl chloride ch2chcl is most often obtained by reacting ethylene with oxygen and hydrogen chloride over a copper catalyst. Rigid pvc polyvinyl chloride unmodified polyvinylchloride is a very rigid thermoplastic. Due to its versatile nature, pvc is used extensively across a broad range of industrial, technical and everyday applications including widespread use in building, transport, packaging, electricalelectronic and healthcare applications. A major problem in the recycling of polyvinyl chloride is the high chlorine content in raw pvc and high levels of hazardous additives added to the polymer to achieve the desired material quality. The ratings are primarily based on literature published by various polymer suppliers and rubber manufacturers, as well as the opinions of experienced compounders. Polyvinyl chloride simple english wikipedia, the free. The economic bene ts of polyvinyl chloride in the united. Pvc accounts for 20% of plastic material usage and is used in most industrial sectors ecetoc, 1988. Pvc is the worlds thirdmost widely produced synthetic plastic polymer after polyethylene and polypropylene. Safety data sheet prepared in accordance with annex ii of the reach regulation ec 19072006, regulation ec 12722008 and regulation 4532010 polyvinyl chloride revision. Polyvinyl chloride pvc and its impact on the environment.
As a building material, pvc is cheap, durable, and easy to assemble. Polyvinyl chloride pvc, a synthetic resin made from the polymerization of vinyl chloride. It is a naturally white and very brittle prior to the additions of plasticizers plastic. Pdf structure and properties of polyvinyl chloride physical gels. Nov 21, 2019 polyvinyl chloride is one of the most widely used plastics worldwide. General properties of polyvinyl chloride pipe awwa. January 05, 2011 page 210 this information only concerns the above mentioned product and does not need to be valid if used. Polyvinyl chloride, also called polychloroethene or pvc, is a thermoplastic. In some cases mba are manufacturing pipes that are in accordance to the standard of telecommunication. Properties of polyvinyl chloride what is polyvinyl chloride pvc, and what is it used for. Essentially, pvc pipe and fabri cated fittings are manufactured from pvc extrusion compounds.
Polyvinyl chloride, commonly referred to as pvc or vinyl, is the worlds 3 rd most synthesised thermoplastic material. Polyvinyl chloride an overview sciencedirect topics. Its major properties and uses are determined by the method of polymerization. General properties of polyvinyl chloride pipe 5 table a2 is a general guide to the suitability of various elastomers currently used in these chemicals and services. Pvc plastics properties, processing, and applications. Jan, 2020 polyvinyl chloride pvc is a popular thermoplastic thats odorless, solid, brittle, and generally white in color. Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipes upvc mba upvc pipes are manufactured in accordance to the international standards for different types of usage mainly british and european standards bs en 1401, bs en 29, din 8062, bs 35053506, bs 6099. Regnault in france first produced vinyl chloride monomer in 1835 and baumann first recorded its polymerisation in 1872 after exposing sealed tubes containing the monomer to sunlight. Polyvinyl chloride pvc or vinyl is an economical and versatile thermoplastic polymer widely used in building and construction industry to produce door and window profiles, pipes drinking and wastewater, wire and cable insulation, medical devices etc.
Regular pvc polyvinyl chloride is a common, strong but lightweight plastic used in construction. Pvc is everywhere around us seeing that it is such a versatile material. In industry, polyvinyl chloride is obtained by the freeradical polymerization of a monomer in a bulk, emulsion, or suspension. Aug 30, 2001 contains a general overview of the polymer unplasticised polyvinyl chloride including relative advantages, disadvantages and applications, together with a table of typical properties. Polyvinyl chloride of all synthetic thermoplastics, polyvinyl chloride pvc is probably one of the polymers in modern use with the oldest pedigree. If no plasticizers are added, it is known as upvc unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, rigid pvc, or vinyl siding in the u. This briefing has been prepared by the british plastics federations vinyls group. Under ambient conditions, vinyl chloride is a colourless, flammable gas with a slightly sweet odour.
The symbol for polyvinyl chloride developed by the society of the plastics industry so that items can be labeled for easy recycling is. Second only to pe in production and consumption, pvc is manufactured by bulk, solution, suspension, and emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer, using freeradical initiators. Introduction to polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl chloride pvc was first manufactured in germany in 1931 as a robust and lightweight new plastic. Pvc is a white, brittle thermoplastic material mostly known for pvc pipes in the construction. Around the world, over 50% of pvc manufactured is used in construction. It is the worlds third largest thermoplastic material by volume after polyethylene and.
Pvc is also selfextinguishing per ul flammability tests. A highly versatile polymer, pvc is compatible with many additives. Polyvinyl chloride article about polyvinyl chloride by the. Pvc is a thermoplastic resin, a resin that can be softened by heating pvc is composed of numerous vinyl. Pvc is used in these applications because of its low cost and desirable physical and mechanical properties. Flexibility can be increased over a wide range by adding varying amounts of several plasticizers such as dioctyl phthalate. Polyvinyl chloride creationwiki, the encyclopedia of. Microbial degradation of polyvinyl chloride plastics pdf phd. It is made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers. Polyvinyl chloride pvc uses, benefits, and safety facts.
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