Tongan personal pronouns catherine macdonald university of toronto 1. I studied churchward s grammar, and learned lists of tongan words off by heart. Questions and word order in polynesian eric potsdam and maria. Translation tonganenglishtongan freelang online dictionary. An english and tongan vocabulary, also a tongan and english vocabulary, with a list of idiomatic phrases. Tongan is a polynesian language spoken by approximately 100,000 people living in the tongan archipelago in the south pacific. Churchward lists only four tenses, some with multiple variations of the auxiliary. In the first lesson, there is a pronunciation of each letter in the tongan alphabet, including the mysterious fakaua, or the glottal. Tongan journal of the international phonetic association. Churchward is one of the few students of polynesian to both recognize and cope with the fact that polynesian cannot be forced into the english grammatical mold. With 160 photographs and 10 colour plates of objects in the custody of the ethnographical museum of budapest.
This section shows that within a grammar with the characteristics of the. Printed for the methodist church of australasia, samoa district, by spectator pub. The morphosyntax of 2p pronouns in tongan csli publications. There are some exceptions to this, including demonstrative enclitics and the. The central goal of the current study is to establish the phonology of denitive accent in tongan by empirically investigating the claims of churchward. The first contains a tonga english and english tonga dictionary. The third part contains phrase books targeted towards specific scenarios and specific project technical vocabulary. Tongan lea fakatonga, iso 6393 code ton is a polynesian language spoken mainly in tonga, where it is one of two official languages with english. To encourage the use of the tongan language we are posting a word of the week that can be used with children or beginners. Chapter 10 researching, writing, releasing, and responses. Churchwards grammar and dictionary favoured the standard european alphabetical order, which, since his time, has been in use exclusively. Pdf in this article i distinguish six different ways of talking after.
Maxwell churchward is currently considered a single author. The fourth part includes shortcut sections, which are intended. An austronesianspeaking group linked to the archaeological construct known as the lapita cultural complex reached and inhabited tonga around 1500 bc. Tongan personal and possessive pronouns distinguish four persons and three numbers. Because the phenomenon listed above as irregularity 4definitive accentoperates somewhat differently, i shall treat that later, in section 6. Im currently writing a book that involves a tongan prince as well as tonga of course. The most substantial work on the tongan grammar is that of churchward. Maxwell clerk maxwell publication date 1978 topics.
Bakers english and tongan vocabulary consists of the following parts. The tongan dictionary complements churchwards previously published tongan grammar and makes tongan the most adequately known polynesian dialect. In the old, missionary alphabet, the order of the letters was modified. Tibetan grammar and the activestative casemarking type.
Syntaxphonology mapping and the tongan dp pdf paperity. Churchward s tongan grammar 1953 and dictionary 1959 use a reversed apostrophe. If we leave a place and take our selfishness with us, the cycle of problems starts all over again no matter where we go. While impressively extensive, churchwards 1953 work is purely descriptive. Read, highlight, and take notes, across web, tablet, and phone. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. The work is of interest in that it is a compendium of new and all older luisefio ma terials, gathered by several investigators over half a century or more. He applies the system of gram matical analysis presented in his tongan grammar. Top american libraries canadian libraries universal library community texts project gutenberg biodiversity heritage library childrens library. In 1969 macmillan london decided to move the editorial department. See more ideas about books, career goals and samoan food.
The tongan language is exclusively phonetic, that is to say, tongan words are spelled the way they are pronounced and pronounced the way they are spelled. I was employed as a book editor f or five years in sydne y and then nine y ears in london. Free englishtongan dictionary and translator freelang. This is the only major contemporary source which makes available both englishpolynesian. History of oceania south seas, du1950, languages and literature of eastern asia, africa, oceania, pl18844. Biography questions nd answers 2 309 shopping 3 310 giving directions 4 311 ordering in a restaur,nt 5 312 negotiating with a taxi driver 6 3 detrdled biographical data 7 314 making a date 8 315 drinking at a club 9 316 preparing a cup of cocoa 10 317 a cricket e7xle 11 318 studying school preparation 12 319 talk in the market 320 stories 321 321.
There are some exceptions to this, including demonstrative enclitics and the socalled definitive accent churchward 1953, which appears to be a stressshift operation, typically in the rightmost word of the dp. Includes two fulllength pdf books aimed at students and teachers. The material in these pages provides a startingpoint for our teaching folders. Grammar, tonga language tonga islands, tongan language. Preface, list of abbreviations, english tongan vocabulary, pp. Tongan to english english to tongan paperback by j t fisher, isileli t kongaika, create out loud and a great selection of related books, art. The second contains useful grammar charts and notes for easy reference.
Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Morphological and syntactic ergativity in polynesian white rose. If one or more works are by a distinct, homonymous authors, go ahead and split the author. Translate your sentences and websites from tongan into english. This is the only major contemporary source which makes available both englishpolynesian and polynesianenglish. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. This book provides a uniquely comprehensive linguistic description. This is a great reference book for any tongan family. We hope that you will enjoy these tongan language minilessons and wish you luck in your language learning. A reversed apostrophe was apparently first used in hawaiian by judd, pukui, and stokes in 1943. Dec 06, 2010 open library is an initiative of the internet archive, a 501c3 nonprofit, building a digital library of internet sites and other cultural artifacts in digital form. Case and agreement 1 notes on argumentation consider the two passages below. Pratts samoan dictionary of 1862 uses the reversed apostrophe, as do later religious works in samoan. Look up a word, add or modify an entry, and learn words at your own rhythm from a personal learning list.
In the next section, i discuss cmcs first three irregularities, along with related matters in four other descriptions of tongan accent. A feature geometry of the tongan possessive paradigm linguistic. Chapter 10 researching, writing, releasing, and responses to a biography of queen salote of tonga. This information is extremely enlightening about tonga and its culture that i did not know before and i will definitely be using this knowledge in my book. Tongan, a polynesian language, is almost entirely headinitial. By using this service, you agree that you will only keep articles for personal. Pdf tongan, a polynesian language, is almost entirely headinitial. For the suffix cia in samoan, marsack 1962 in a teach yourself book details. Guidelines for tongan language programmes is intended to form the basis for the material that teachers of tongan develop for their own tongan language programmes. Culture of tonga history, people, women, beliefs, food. Pdf estimating language skills in samoan and tongan.
Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. This book helps me understand some of the english words that i have a. For example, we could save copies of our own oneterm and oneweek plans and add them. Free to obtain and print free family tree templates in pdf. Churchward 1953, who defines he as semidefinite and ha as completely indefinite, notes that the latter. Malayopolynesian, polynesian the branch of the austronesian languages spoken from. Online version of freelangs tongan english dictionary and english tongan dictionary. Table 5 churchwards personal pronominal clitics in tongan. Find all the books, read about the author, and more. Tongan dictionary tongan english and english tongan.
Im personally lucky enough to have a copy of churchward s tongan grammar given to my mother by my grandfather before i was born. Tongan grammar tongan is an ergative, vso, mostly iso lating language. Samoan grammar synopsis john alderete, mark bradshaw simon fraser university, may 2012. Maxwell churchward, 1985, vavau press edition, in english. Chapter 3 issues in tongan syntax university of hawaii. Download our free dictionary for windows or android and browse both the tongan english and the english tongan lists.
We also provide free tongan english dictionary, free tongan spelling checker and free tongan typing keyboard. Word classes and the scope of lexical flexibility in tongan. Polynesian a native or inhabitant of polynesia n the polynesian language spoken by the tongan people type of. I wish to thank diane massam for guidance and critique, and my tongan consultant siokatame vahavahai moengangongo moahengi for sharing his knowledge of tongan. Chapter 10 researching, writing, releasing, and responses to a biography of queen salote of tonga elizabeth woodellem researching queen salote w as not my first foray into biography. Churchward s grammar and dictionary favoured the standard. Click here to learn more about the features or scroll down to download the program.
The resulting 100word language inventories in samoan and tongan, plus a single question about word combinations, were then administered to over 600 mothers of 2yearolds in the growing up in new. A samoan grammar by spencer churchward printed for the methodist church of australasia, samoa district, by spectator pub. Morton 1962, clark 1974, feldman 1978, and krupa 1982. Maxwell py 1953 da 1953 ti tongan grammar pb oxford university press cy london id churchward 1953 er. Tongan is an oceanic language belonging to the polynesian subgroup. That was still so as of the privy council decision of 1943 on the orthography of the tongan language. Discover delightful childrens books with prime book box, a subscription that delivers new books. Words and phrases douglas ball analyses of tongan noun incorporation in the general typological surveys of noun incorporation mithun 1984, gerdts 1998 have argued that this tongan construction involves syntactic juxtaposition of a verb and a single noun. Churchward s grammar and dictionary favoured the standard european alphabetical order, which, since his time, has been in use exclusively. The polynesian languages, which belong to the oceanic branch of the. It is most closely related to niuean, and more distantly related to west polynesian languages such as tokelauan.
Pdf tibetan grammar and the activestative casemarking. We can leave a place behind, or we can stay in that place and leave our selfishness often expressed in feeling sorry for ourselves behind. Given data as such in 1, this would seem to be correct. Feel free to share and discuss all things relating to tonga the friendly islands. While impressively extensive, churchward s 1953 work is purely descriptive. Hurford language evolution and computation research unit, school of philosophy, psychology and language sciences, university of edinburgh, adam ferguson building, edinburgh, scotland eh8 9ll, uk. The tongan preverbal pronouns adapted from churchward 1953.
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