Pdf structure and properties of polyvinyl chloride physical gels. Polyvinyl chloride pvc is one of the most commonly used plastics in the world because of its versatile properties that are suitable for various applications. Jan, 2020 polyvinyl chloride pvc is a popular thermoplastic thats odorless, solid, brittle, and generally white in color. Pvc is the acronym for polyvinyl chloride, a kind of synthetic resin. Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride unplasticised pvc upvc. Major industrial polymers polyvinyl chloride pvc britannica. Polyvinyl chloride pvc, a synthetic resin made from the polymerization of vinyl chloride. If no plasticizers are added, it is known as upvc unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, rigid pvc, or vinyl siding in the u. Its currently ranked as the third most widely used plastic in the world behind polyethylene and polypropylene. It can be plasticized to make it flexible for use in flooring or unplasticized pvcu for use in building applications and window. Regular pvc polyvinyl chloride is a common, strong but lightweight plastic used in construction.
Poly vinyl chlorideits properties,preparation and uses. Polyvinyl chloride pvc or vinyl is an economical and versatile thermoplastic polymer widely used in building and construction industry to produce door and window profiles, pipes drinking and wastewater, wire and cable insulation, medical devices etc. Polyvinyl chloride simple english wikipedia, the free. The label aims to enable healthcare professionals to use this equipment safely. Polyvinyl chloride definition is a polymer of vinyl chloride used especially for electrical insulation, films, and pipes abbreviation pvc. The economic bene ts of polyvinyl chloride in the united. Microbial degradation of polyvinyl chloride plastics pdf phd.
Essentially, pvc pipe and fabri cated fittings are manufactured from pvc extrusion compounds. Explore polyvinyl chloride pvc a rigid and flexible plastic. This briefing has been prepared by the british plastics federations vinyls group. Polyvinyl chloride pvc uses, benefits, and safety facts. Additives, dyes, and plasticisers can be added at this point which change the properties of the pvc so it can be used for a variety of different purposes. There are two main issues working with pvc that make it fairly problematic and not generally recommended for use by nonprofessionals. Polyvinyl chloride an overview sciencedirect topics. General properties of polyvinyl chloride pipe awwa. It is heavier than air and has relatively low solubility. Polyvinyl chloride pvc, a major plastics material which finds widespread use in. The symbol for polyvinyl chloride developed by the society of the plastics industry so that items can be labeled for easy recycling is. Nov 21, 2019 polyvinyl chloride is one of the most widely used plastics worldwide.
Polyvinyl chloride, iupac polychloroethene commonly abbreviated pvc, is a widely used thermoplastic polymer. Polyvinyl chloride is chlorinated to raise its heat resistance and improve its solubility. As a result, pvc requires separation from other plastics before mechanical. Resins of polyvinyl chloride are hard, but with the addition of plasticizers a flexible, elastic plastic 2 can be made. Pvc is a white, brittle thermoplastic material mostly known for pvc pipes in the construction. The first is the emission of toxic and corrosive gases when melting the material. Major industrial polymers major industrial polymers polyvinyl chloride pvc. Properties of polyvinyl chloride what is polyvinyl chloride pvc, and what is it used for. Pvc is widely used in construction because it is cheap. Flexibility can be increased over a wide range by adding varying amounts of several plasticizers such as dioctyl phthalate.
Polyvinyl chloride, iupac polychloroethanediyl commonly abbreviated pvc, is a thermoplastic polymer. Under ambient conditions, vinyl chloride is a colourless, flammable gas with a slightly sweet odour. Polyvinyl chloride pvc properties pvc is the most widely used member of the vinyl family. Polyvinyl chloride economical, versatile polyvinyl chloride pvc, or vinyl is used in a variety of applications in the building and construction, health care, electronics, automobile and other sectors, in products ranging from piping and siding, blood bags and tubing, to wire and cable insulation, windshield system components and more. Polyvinyl chloride, commonly referred to as pvc or vinyl, is the worlds 3 rd most synthesised thermoplastic material. Phthalates are often used to soften pvc in this way. Aug 30, 2001 contains a general overview of the polymer unplasticised polyvinyl chloride including relative advantages, disadvantages and applications, together with a table of typical properties. Polyvinyl chloride definition of polyvinyl chloride by. There are discrepancies in the literature with regard to. Second only to polyethylene among the plastics in production and consumption, pvc is used in an enormous range of domestic and industrial products, from raincoats and shower curtains to window frames and indoor plumbing. Polyvinyl chloride of all synthetic thermoplastics, polyvinyl chloride pvc is probably one of the polymers in modern use with the oldest pedigree. It is a vinyl polymer constructed of repeating vinyl groups ethenyls having one of their hydrogens replaced with a chloride group. Properties and applications of rigid pvc or polyvinyl chloride.
A polyvinyl resin used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, including medical devices, tubing, and other packaging. Polyvinyl chloride is made by polymerization of the monomer vinyl chloride chloroethene ch 2 chcl. Polyvinyl chloride is the worlds thirdmost widely produced synthetic plastic polymer about 40. Polyvinyl chloride pvc physical and mechanical properties. Pvc is a thermoplastic resin, a resin that can be softened by heating pvc is composed of numerous vinyl. Pdf in this work, the structure and physical properties of polyvinyl chloride pvc gels prepared from the solutions of bromobenzene brbz and. As a building material, pvc is cheap, durable, and easy to assemble. Polyvinyl chloride pvc introduction polyvinyl chloride pvc, a major plastics material which finds widespread use in building, transport, packaging, electricalelectronic and healthcare applications.
Pdf biocompatible blends based on polyvinyl chloride and. Around the world, over 50% of pvc manufactured is used in construction. Due to its versatile nature, pvc is used extensively across a broad range of industrial, technical and everyday applications including widespread use in building, transport, packaging, electricalelectronic and healthcare applications. January 05, 2011 page 210 this information only concerns the above mentioned product and does not need to be valid if used. Pvc is also selfextinguishing per ul flammability tests. Unplasticized polyvinyl chloride pipes upvc mba upvc pipes are manufactured in accordance to the international standards for different types of usage mainly british and european standards bs en 1401, bs en 29, din 8062, bs 35053506, bs 6099. Vinyl chloride ch2chcl is most often obtained by reacting ethylene with oxygen and hydrogen chloride over a copper catalyst. Introduction to polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl chloride pvc was first manufactured in germany in 1931 as a robust and lightweight new plastic. It is in such widespread usage due to its strength and resistance to sunlight, oil and chemicals, weathering and fire.
Polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl chloride pvc has become a universal polymer with many applications e. Pvc is an atactic polymer and therefore essentially uncrystallized. Ihs economicsl the economic bene2ts of polyvinyl chloride in the united states and canada pvc production pvc has found widespread use because of its desirable properties, low cost, and versatility. In terms of revenue generated, it is one of the most valuable products of the chemical industry.
Polyvinyl chloride is the third most widely produced plastic, after polyethylene and polypropylene. Pvc is used in these applications because of its low cost and desirable physical and mechanical properties. It is a naturally white and very brittle prior to the additions of plasticizers plastic. However, it sometimes happens that, locally, over short chain segments, pvc is syndiotactic and can assume the crystalline phase, but the percent shear fracture never exceeds 10 to 15 %. It is made softer and more flexible by the addition of plasticizers. A frequent method of processing pvc involves the suspension of solid particles of the polymer in an appropriate plasticizer. General properties of polyvinyl chloride pipe 5 table a2 is a general guide to the suitability of various elastomers currently used in these chemicals and services. It is the worlds third largest thermoplastic material by volume after polyethylene and. Biocompatible blends based on polyvinyl chloride and natural polymers for medical device fabrication article pdf available in materiale plastice 473. Pvc is the worlds thirdmost widely produced synthetic plastic polymer after polyethylene and polypropylene. Rigid pvc polyvinyl chloride unmodified polyvinylchloride is a very rigid thermoplastic. In thailand, more than 400,000 t of pvc products are produced annually for domestic consumption. Through a process called polymerization, the vinyl chloride forms into long chains of polyvinyl chloride.
It has a high strengthtoweight ratio and is a good electrical and thermal insulator. Pvc is everywhere around us seeing that it is such a versatile material. Its most wellknown application is the formation of pvc pipes in the building and construction industry, but the benefits of pvc extend far beyond this into the medical, electrical and protective clothing sectors. About 40 million tons of pvc are produced each year. Injection molded fit tings use slightly different molding.
Polyvinyl chloride wikidwelling fandom powered by wikia. Pvc plastics properties, processing, and applications. In industry, polyvinyl chloride is obtained by the freeradical polymerization of a monomer in a bulk, emulsion, or suspension. Safety data sheet prepared in accordance with annex ii of the reach regulation ec 19072006, regulation ec 12722008 and regulation 4532010 polyvinyl chloride revision.
It is fabricated efficiently into a wide range of both rigid. Second only to pe in production and consumption, pvc is manufactured by bulk, solution, suspension, and emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer, using freeradical initiators. Pvc accounts for 20% of plastic material usage and is used in most industrial sectors ecetoc, 1988. Polyvinyl chloride article about polyvinyl chloride by the. Pvc offers excellent corrosion and weather resistance. Polyvinyl chloride pvc is one of the most widely used polymers in the world. This breakthrough material was brought about to substitute for metals, glass, wood, natural fibers, papers and fabrics. Pvc can be made softer and more flexible by adding plasticizers. It starts as a powder that is derived from salt and fossil fuel. A major problem in the recycling of polyvinyl chloride is the high chlorine content in raw pvc and high levels of hazardous additives added to the polymer to achieve the desired material quality. A highly versatile polymer, pvc is compatible with many additives. Polyvinyl chloride pvc is one of the most commonly used thermoplastic polymers in the world next to only a few more widely used plastics like pet and pp. Properties of polyvinyl chloride bihar psc exam notes.
The ratings are primarily based on literature published by various polymer suppliers and rubber manufacturers, as well as the opinions of experienced compounders. However, it sometimes happens that, locally, over short. Its major properties and uses are determined by the method of polymerization. Polyvinyl chloride, also called polychloroethene or pvc, is a thermoplastic. Properties chemical formula c 2 h 3 cl n except whaur itherwise notit, data are gien for materials in thair staundart state at 25 c 77 f. Dec 08, 2016 polyvinyl chloride also known as pvc or vinyl has become an intrinsic part of our lives ever since the earlymid 20th century. This plastic has found extensive use as an electrical insulator for wires and cables. Polyvinyl chloride creationwiki, the encyclopedia of. Regnault in france first produced vinyl chloride monomer in 1835 and baumann first recorded its polymerisation in 1872 after exposing sealed tubes containing the monomer to sunlight. In some cases mba are manufacturing pipes that are in accordance to the standard of telecommunication. Over 30 million tons of pvc is used around the globe today, both in. Polyvinyl chloride pvc and its impact on the environment.
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